During the summer months, drug and alcohol abuse sees an increase as a result of physiological stress, mental health issues, social events, and isolation. Extreme temperatures can lead to substance abuse to cope with heat-related stress or discomfort, leading to increased psychological and physiological health issues.
The Link Between Substance Abuse and Hot Weather
High temperatures can significantly impact physical and mental well-being. As temperatures rise, our bodies and minds experience higher stress, also known as heat-related stress. Heat stress can cause people to resort to various coping mechanisms, including drug and alcohol use. The use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, LSD, and ecstasy is highest during the summer months, especially among young adults and adolescents.
The celebratory nature of summertime often encourages people to “let loose” and indulge in certain activities that they wouldn’t normally do, including substance use.
Physiological Stress and Discomfort
The physiological stress caused by extreme heat can manifest as dehydration, heat exhaustion, and disrupted sleep patterns. The risks of dehydration during the summer are very high, which can lead to physical discomfort and heat. The combination of dehydration and alcohol consumption can be dangerous, as alcohol is a diuretic. Individuals may think they’re staying hydrated with alcoholic beverages, but they’re dehydrating themselves even more.
Heat exhaustion can manifest from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, leading to dizziness, headaches, and nausea. For those under the influence of substances, these side effects and symptoms can be exacerbated and potentially life-threatening.
Hot weather can contribute to poor sleep patterns and sleep deprivation, increasing irritability and impairing cognitive functions. Many individuals may resort to alcohol or drugs to relieve physiological discomfort and stress. While this may temporarily fix these heat-related issues, it will likely exacerbate their symptoms later.
Mental Health Issues and Heat Waves
Heat waves can lead to chronic heat stress, contributing to increased stress, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and psychological distress. The impact of high temperatures can lead to disrupted sleep schedules and daily routines, raising stress and anxiety levels. This can contribute to mood fluctuations, potentially leading to the development of mood disorders, depression, and anxiety.
Heat stress can trigger or worsen the symptoms of those with mental health issues. Individuals may experience feelings of irritability and agitation from the discomfort of the summer heat, which can lead to substance misuse. Some may turn to drugs or alcohol as a means to self-medicate and escape psychological or physiological distress.
Increased Social Activities
While the summer season brings in higher temperatures, it also sees an increase in social gatherings, parties, and outdoor events. Summer gatherings often supply alcohol and drugs, leading to increased consumption and potential for misuse. With substances so accessible, people may feel pressured or obligated to use alcohol or drugs to fit in. In other cases, people may indulge in substance use to cope with social anxiety or awkwardness. The combination of extreme heat and substance use leads to higher intoxication, more potent side effects, and potentially severe health issues.
Urban Heat Islands and Substance Abuse
Individuals living in urban areas often have a higher risk of heat-related stress and illnesses. The urban heat island effect results from cities with limited access to green spaces and higher temperatures due to buildings and other infrastructure absorbing the heat. The accumulated stress of living on urban heat islands can cause individuals to stay inside more and spend less time outside. This may cause some to indulge in excessive alcohol consumption or illicit drug use to cope with the heat.
Isolation and Heat
Dealing with the summer heat can be lonely for those with limited social support systems. People may isolate themselves at home to avoid the hot temperatures, leading to increased feelings of loneliness. The combination of isolation and heat can influence drug and alcohol abuse as a coping mechanism for stress and loneliness.
Limited Access to Resources and Support
Access to cooling resources and support services may be limited in extremely high temperatures and humidity areas. This limitation and lack of support, especially for vulnerable communities, can push people towards excessive alcohol consumption or drug use. Increased substance use during high temperatures not only gives rise to higher alcohol and drug intoxication but also triggers mental health issues and physiological risks.
Preventative Measures to Mitigate Substance Abuse during the Summer
Addressing the increase in drug and alcohol use during the summer is critical for preventing severe health risks, heat-related illnesses, addiction, and potential overdose. With an upsurge in social activities and summer events, it’s vital to monitor alcohol consumption and remain hydrated. While this time of the year can bring on higher levels of stress, anxiety, and discomfort, seeking solace in substances will not alleviate these feelings.
Just because alcohol and drugs are easily accessible and readily available does not mean you have to indulge. It’s essential to understand the risks associated with substance abuse during extreme temperatures and take preventative measures to mitigate these effects.
- Stay hydrated
- Seek cool environments
- Limit alcohol and caffeine intake
- Keep a robust support system
- Connect with mental health or substance abuse support services
Daily water can help combat heat stress, dehydration, and other heat-related illnesses. During the summer, the high temperatures can add extreme stress to the body, making it essential to seek relaxed environments as often as possible. Spending time in air-conditioned spaces, using fans, or taking cool showers are methods to regulate body temperature.
Although there is an upsurge in drug and alcohol use, avoiding consumption can help keep your body hydrated and healthy. Alcohol and caffeine dehydrate the body, which can exacerbate in hot temperatures. Maintaining strong social connections and friendships is essential to ward off feelings of loneliness and stress. Social connections promote emotional and physical health, reducing the urge to engage in drug or alcohol use to escape these feelings. Staying connected with mental health professionals and addiction treatment support administers healthy coping strategies to avoid substance abuse.
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References:
- Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2020. Summer as a Risk Factor for Drug Initiation.
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2023. Heat Health Awareness: Why it’s Important for Persons with Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health Conditions, Caregivers and Health Care Providers.
- Health Science Reports, 2023. High temperatures on mental health: Recognizing the association and the need for proactive strategies—A perspective.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017. Heat Stress: Hydration.
- Verywell Mind, 2023. How Social Support Contributes to Psychological Health.